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Human Compatible: Artificial Intelligence and the Problem of Control
Stuart Russell • 2019
The book explores the trajectory of AI, from its historical roots to the potential for superintelligence. It argues that the standard AI model, which aims to achieve fixed objectives, is flawed and poses an existential risk if machines become more capable than humans. The author proposes a new approach centered on beneficial AI, where machines are designed to be uncertain about human preferences and learn them from observed behavior, thus deferring to human guidance and allowing themselves to be switched off. The book also discusses the societal challenges of AI, including surveillance, autonomous weapons, technological unemployment, and the importance of human autonomy. It emphasizes the urgent need for a foundational redesign of AI to ensure it remains aligned with human values and serves humanity.
Behave: The Biology of Humans at Our Best and Worst
Robert M. Sapolsky • 2017
This book offers a comprehensive, biologically-driven exploration of human behavior, examining the roots of violence and altruism across myriad timescales, from instantaneous neural firing to millennia of evolutionary and cultural forces. It delves into the intricate interplay of genetics, hormones, and environment, revealing how these factors contingently shape our decisions and social interactions. Challenging conventional notions of free will and pure altruism, the text dissects the neurobiology of fear, aggression, empathy, and morality. Ultimately, it argues that understanding our complex, often irrational biological predispositions is crucial for fostering peace and navigating the intricate balance between our baser instincts and our capacity for profound cooperation.
This text explores humanity's evolving agenda, moving beyond the traditional struggles of famine, plague, and war to pursue immortality, universal happiness, and the upgrade to Homo deus. It posits that organisms are algorithms, and advancements in biotechnology and information technology are reshaping human existence. The narrative highlights three critical threats to liberalism: humans becoming economically and militarily irrelevant due to advanced algorithms, the system valuing humanity as a collective rather than individuals, and the rise of a superhuman elite. Ultimately, it introduces Dataism, a burgeoning techno-religion that prioritizes information flow, potentially rendering Homo sapiens obsolete in a data-centric universe.
This book chronicles the expansive history of the gene, tracing its conceptual evolution from ancient theories to modern genomic engineering. It intertwines personal narratives of inherited mental illness with scientific breakthroughs like Mendel's laws, Darwinian evolution, the discovery of DNA's structure, and the Human Genome Project. The text explores the profound ethical challenges posed by genetic manipulation, including the history of eugenics and contemporary debates on gene editing. Ultimately, it grapples with how genetics informs our understanding of human identity, disease, race, and destiny, offering both immense therapeutic potential and complex societal questions about intervening in human heredity and defining normalcy.